Theories Of Classical Conditioning, Psychodynamic,...

There are four theoretical approaches in Psychology. In this essay I will evaluate and analyse the four main approaches which are: Behaviourist, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic. Behaviourists believe that everyone is born as a ‘blank slate’ and that all behaviours are learned through interaction with the environment around you. They believe that we learn new behaviour through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning occurs when two stimuli form together to produce a new learned response. Psychologist Ivan Pavlov was the first to describe classical conditioning, which began with his study of dogs and what triggers them to salivate. He ran a study ringing a bell every time he†¦show more content†¦The five main areas of study in cognitive psychology are: perception, memory, attention, language and idiographic techniques. Cognitive psychology revolves around the idea that in order to analyse someone’s behaviour, you have to know exactly what’s going on in their minds. Behaviourists believe that the cognitive approach can’t be studied as we can’t see what’s happening in someone’s mind, therefore we can’t measure the internal behaviour. However, the cognitive approach argue that the internal behaviour can be studied using a range of experiments. The cognitive approach can be easily combined with other approaches to bring out positive results. For example, Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy is a successful form of treatment for many issues including sleep disorders and phobias. Psychologist Lev Vygotsky believed that a child’s sociocultural environment has an important impact on how they develop cognitively. He believed that as children started to develop and improve their language, engage in their culture, they start to engage in private speech. These circumstances all create an impact, leading to them eventually controlling themselves and learning how to behave by giving themselves instructions. Those who support the cognitive approach believe that everything is focused on just the cognitive process itself. However, they don’t take intoShow MoreRelatedStrengths And Weaknesses Of Psychology1411 Words   |  6 Pages(McLeod’s 2007) stated that within ‘contemporary psychology’ there are many different approaches used to understand the study of human behaviour, with each approach having a different perspective. There may be many theories within a psychological perspective, but they will all have common assumptions on the way we function. As no approached is viewed as right or wrong, they are often just evaluated for their strengths and weaknesses and what they have brought to modern psychology in the understandingRead MoreThe Psychological Approaches Of Psychology885 Words   |  4 Pagesnow discuss the different psychological approaches to health practice. The psychological approaches are; Behaviourist, Psychodynamic, Humanistic. The behaviourist theory is all about teaching behaviour whether it is appropriate of not when you can see the changes in behaviour is when you know it has worked. The behavioural learning technique is the result of conditioning. Conditioning suggests that a reward following a desirable response acts as reinforcement and increases the likelihood that the desirableRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Behavior1281 Words   |  6 Pagesbe taken back to the time of the ancient Greeks. From around 500BC to 322 BC, Greek ph ilosophers suggested a theory of â€Å"psyche† that is where the word psychology comes from. This meaning the mind, soul and spirit. The Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were some of the most influential philosophers of their time. However, due to the uncertainty of truth in these theories, they ended up being the foundations relating to psychological thought. However, throughout the 17th centuryRead MoreThe Contribution of Different Approaches to Psychology for the Development of Modern Psychology1147 Words   |  5 Pages Psychology is a vast field which consists of theories and approaches where it involves certain assumptions on human behavior. How they function and the aspects of the behavior that needs to be studied, in addition to the research methods that are needed to be followed in order to understand it thoroughly. These approaches provide characteristic viewpoints and emphasize different factors. These approaches have contributed toward s the development of modern psychology in various ways. Read MoreWhat Is Clinical Psychology?1416 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude: Psychodynamic Approach, Cognitive Behavioral Perspective, and Humanistic Perspective. Within the Psychodynamic approach, to treat one, you would utilize psychoanalytic therapy, which emphasizes on the underlying and unconscious motivations of one. In Cognitive Behavioral, the approach deals with both the behavior and cognitive thoughts of one. This also emphasizes on one’s feelings which are results of their psychological distress. So, to treat one you would use either Cognitive Therapy orRead MorePsychological Perspectives of Smoking Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesessay will consider how each of the 5 psychological perspectives explain smoking. I will cover the psychodynamic, the behaviouristic, the biological, the cognitive and the humanistic approach. Psychodynamic approach The psychodynamic approach views behaviour in terms of past childhood experiences, and the influence of unconscious processes. There are five psychosexual stages in Freud’s theory, the first being the oral stage during which the infant focuses on satisfying hunger orally. SigmundRead MoreWhat Is The Psychological Analysis Of Mental Psychology1594 Words   |  7 Pages 2017) From a biological standpoint, many different chemicals in my brain are overstimulated or damaged per the trauma sustained. They are also show abnormal control over different levels of neurotransmitters and injury to axons in the brain. Psychodynamic Model According to the website, â€Å"What Is Psychology†, PTSD is explained, 1â€Å"This phenomenon of repeating past traumatic events is actually a compulsion. According to Freud, the need for repressed material to enter consciousness is more powerfulRead MoreDifferent Theoretical Approaches Within Psychology1606 Words   |  7 Pageswithin psychology; the behavioural, psychoanalytic, humanistic and cognitive approaches. Assumptions and theories of each approach will be described and evaluated. The behavioural approach involves two different types of conditioning, which are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Watson suggested that human behaviour is learnt and that we are born as a ‘blank slate’ or ‘tabula rasa’ (McLeod, 2013). An example of classical conditioning was displayed by Watson as an observational experimentRead MoreDescription of Two Psychological Approaches Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesapproaches: the psychodynamic perspective, the cognitive perspective, the humanistic perspective, or the physiologicalperspective. Then, compare and contrast the two approaches that you have described. In what ways are they similar? In what ways do they differ? Then, choose a particular problem behavior or disorder and discuss how these perspectives would view both the cause and the treatment of the problem behavior or disorder. The humanistic perspective states thatRead MorePsychodynamic Approach On Human Nature1108 Words   |  5 Pagescategories are: psychodynamic, cognitive- behavioral, existential- humanistic, and postmodern approach. â€Å"Psychodynamic approach sees human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious, and between the different structures of the personality.† (McLeod, 2007, para. 4). Psychodynamic approach uses conscious and unconscious forces to explain one s personality. Sigmund Freud is looked upon as one of the creators of this movement. â€Å"Cognitive- behavioral