Economical and Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis on Hybrid Cars Essay

A crossbreeding auto is a political machine propelled by the application of deuce or to a greater extent authority lineages. First attempts to introduce loanblend simple machines goes back to mid 1660, demeanor origin everyy the disco truly and groundwork of the fuel powered conventional cars but were neer commercially manu accompanimentured until 21st century when Japanese car manu featureurer, Toyota flummoxd the Toyota prius altogether for its domestic market. In fact, it is estimated that the first attempt to produce a mark car was in 1665.The delay in the exertion of this class of vehicles was beca single-valued function of two main reasons first, the limited range in the distance the vehicles could cover and second the difficulty and costly answer of recharging their batteries. Furthermore, it is a basic science judgment that the more complex a machine is the more it is pr superstar to nonstarter and thus the idea of commercial issue of crisscross vehicles has been a easy process over the centuries.Worlds population explosion, demand for uncontaminating send and potassium cities, dwindling petroleum deposits, over dependency in overseas cover, economic recession and spheric torriding are full some of the environmental and economic factors that have forced earths leading car manufacturers to provide to the market car models that are not sole(prenominal) environmentally friendly but to a fault cost solventive. A cost-benefit analysis on this topic admit attempt to bring step to the fore the cost of getting a crown of thorns car into the road in comparison to the benefits that the world stands to reap as a contribute of this venture.This search seeks to bring to the surface three major aspects that are associated with the introduction of hybrid cars into the transportation world. These three issues are (i) The cost of producing a hybrid car The successful landing of a hybrid car is in localize under this area. It is no t easy to get into the road a car that makes use of a combination of two or more starting times of energy. The question involved is estimated to run to millions of dollars thus sky-rocketing the price of a hybrid car.(ii) environmental factors Environmental factors simply refer to the c one timerns that a particular type of car produces substances that injure our surroundings thus making life sentence on solid ground more dangerous and therefore more complex. These substances include green rear gases as strong as toxic metal compounds much(prenominal) as the ones that contain lead in their structure. (iii) economical cost benefit factors Economic factors have much to do with the living standards of people as cold as the generation and investment of money is concerned.The economic make up of the world has gotten pegged heavily on cover and there are concerns from either right thinking citizen of the world that this is a self consuming vogue that is likely to create seriou s economic problems if the embrocate industry hits a serious problem. This has already been witnessed before whereby a slight rise in oil prices has sent shockwaves in economies in both the developed and the underdeveloped world. Literature Review The smorgasborder Vice President of the United States who after won the Democratic Party nomination and lost the presidency in a controversial manner to George W Bush, Mr.Al Gore, has had the world rethinking its actions as far as the degeneration of the environment is concerned. An inconvenient Truth, a movie theater he worked on captures the problems that are already being experienced in various parts of the world as a result of global warming. This, he says is being fuelled by the use of environmentally unfriendly cars that use oil or natural gas (Gore, 2006, para1-3). It is not surprising that he went a head to win a Nobel Prize for this public security of work. galvanizing and hybrid cars have always received much appreciation receivable to the comprehend ability to tackle this burning issue of climate change.Their ability to burn off the emission of these toxic substances into the asynchronous transfer mode that lead to negative climatic substitute is the major reason for this (Anderson and Anderson, 2004, pp 6-10). In recognition of this serious problem, vital go have been made in the research that is involved in the maturation and production of cars that make use of a combination of two or three sources of locomotive energy. Chief among these is the research into electric cars that promise to smother the overreliance on oil (Westbrook, 2001, pp 34-39).The pioneer nation in the world in the research and possible people production of hybrid cars is Japan. notwithstanding the desire with which the United States of America has picked up the issue points to the significance of this type of car. The effort force is the reduction in pollution, the saving that comes in terminal figures of cash in hand and some importantly national security that is put at venture with too much dependency on foreign oil. The argument is frequently projected in terms of go forthing their dollars to nations that fund terror groups such as al Qaeda (Boschert, 2006 pp 2-7).It is common knowledge that mass production of hybrid cars go forth not only provide a partial tone solution to world environmental problems but also be a practical measure to save countries from losses running to millions of dollars due to escalating prices of world everlasting(a) oil. The cost of producing a hybrid car The production of hybrid cars is not a cheap or a simple venture. Confessions by companies that have dipped their fingers into this hot pot have clearly shown that more than just simple technology is in play in the production of this type of cars.Research that has been on-going for a grand time now is very complicated and has consumed millions of dollars. At the end of the day, despite the hyped advantag es of shifting from purely oil consuming cars to hybrid cars, the cost that must be borne has to be high school (Westbrook,2001,pp 56-61). It is the overall ability of the hybrid car to assist man in solving most of his economic and environmental problems that make the whole answer worthwhile. Environmental factors part scientists agree that there can never be perfect environmentally friendly hybrid cars and that this depends solely on the instauration and model of hybrid power system.It is worthy appreciating that the use of this class of vehicles will automatically lead to the reduction of global warming by well-nigh 0. 3 to 0. 5 percent and that more advanced models and designs in the access years due to technological advances would reduce this figure even further. The problems of the select of urban phone line, reduction of noise due to application of electric labor in fuel power conventional cars, and elimination of smogginess forming pollutants could be solved in a ce ntury if research on mass production of hybrid cars is given a priority.The main source of air pollutants in cities and major towns is transportation. Fuel powered conventional motor vehicles produce much higher levels of deoxycytidine monophosphate dioxide (Co2) deoxycytidine monophosphate monoxide (Co), nitrogen oxides (Nox) and hydrocarbons (Hc) and this from the primary source of these dangerous pollutants. This is mainly because fuel powered conventional cars (FPCC) make bunco trips that do not give time for electric motor warm ups and cold starts. It is noted that hybrid cars reduced the levels of the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide by 97% in comparison to other sources of these pollutants.Carbon monoxide (C0), when inhaled for long periods interferes with the ripe functioning of the reason in that it impairs the flow of group O (O2) into the brain. Once the brain stops working in the expected way, the person involved turns into a vegetable. Carbon dioxi de and water vapor form the principal components of green house gases that bring about the green house effect. Green house effect is a scenario in which too much heat is trapped inwardly the atmosphere due to the presence of such toxic gases as carbon monoxide and this resultant effect is a highly raised earth temperature.Infact carbon dioxide (C02) is considered one of the major atmospheric pollutants, and is solely responsible for approximately 57% global warming. Negative set up of global warming include the quickly declining numbers of polar bears and melting of ice in the tropics. It is therefore an unclouded knowledge that releasing carbon dioxide (C02) into the atmosphere is detrimental to the lives of living organisms and the proportionality of the ecosystem. Sulphur and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are very dangerous air pollutants produced by burn of sulphur containing fuels.Over the years, scientists have devised means of producing sulphur and lead shrive fuels but achieving an excellent degree is still a distant mirage. repository of these compounds in the air is harmful to plants, man and infrastructure. Exposure to high niggardness of sulphur dioxide irritates respiratory tracts making breathing difficult and can well cause lung problems. Sulfur Oxide contributes to respiratory illness. Patients suffering from heart diseases risk aggravate their conditions if exposed to even mild concentration of sulfur oxides.These components also form secondary pollutants when transported and combined with other elements forming sulphates, nitrate salts, nitrogen dioxides and even azotic acidulous vapor. This is what is commonly known as acid rain that corrodes buildings, fire vegetations, burns the human skin and destroys infrastructure. Chlorofluorocarbons also form component of green house gases that bring about the effect of global warming. When exposed to da Gamma rays, these compounds break down to release chlorine atoms.The presence of chlori ne atoms in the atmosphere catalyses splitting of Ozone (O3) into oxygen gas (O2), however the negative effects of their presence overweigh their importance. Photochemical air pollution, usually known as smog and is commonly sported in the tropics and subtropics is also caused by rudimentary combustion of gasoline emitted by fuel powered conventional vehicles. This process leads to the production of Ozone gas that is responsible for irritation in the eyes, extensive stultification to plants and crops and lung complications.The release of carbon dioxide (C02), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides (N0x) and other pollutants into the atmosphere contributes to the close of plants on the earths surface. Photosynthesis, the process through which trees produce oxygen from carbon dioxide is so vital to human life in fact it is said that life cannot exist without trees. Destruction of trees by releasing these pollutants into the air is equal to destruction of both hu man life and plant life.While particulate matters are the main readers to lung problems and most cancer cases, hydrocarbons are also a cause of lung problems and other tissue problems. Long exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons eventually leads to total organ failures. Furthermore it is a major contributor to birth defects and other complicated illnesses like cancer. With the commercial manufacture and introduction of hybrid cars, extensive damage to the environment is definitely reduced, quality of life enhanced and urban areas become clean to inhabit, the dream of world environmental rights groups.Economic factors Crude oil is the raw material that propels almost all components of worlds economy in many ways. In fact the world is so dependent on unmannerly oil that if its supply would be cut abruptly, major world economies like United States of America, Russia and mainland China would immediately come to a standstill. United States depends on crude oil alone for 40% of its energy supply, triple than other sources. Overdependence on crude oil is not sound enough. First, crude oil is a non-renewable source of energy and analysts predict it will be largely exhausted within half a century.This rings an alarm bell that if measures are not put in place and countries go green by utilize hybrid cars, then the future is bleak and the word is in danger. imparting sector depends entirely on oil for energy supply. Trucks, planes, ships cars and buses are propelled by motor engines that use oil. Introducing hybrid cars would reverse this trend, make the world safer from move oil prices and reduce dependence on this energy source (Paterson, 2007 para. 3-5). reliance on crude oil for fuel supply is a major contributor to ethnic and tribal wars in Africa. This demonstrates the levels at which scramble for this commodity has reached. In fact notably China is so hungry for crude oil that it is ready to ignore the sufferings of millions of peoples around the w orld and specifically Sudan, so as to get its industry moving. It therefore points to the fact that lasting peace and safety will be found and armed conflicts reduced drastically when less fuel consuming cars are produced and thirst for oil curtailed. loanblend cars are pocket friendly as they consume less gasoline in comparison to fuel powered conventional cars. Even though they are slightly expensive to purchase, the reward is achieved in long term due to lower fuel consumption. Further, governments and notably the United States of America give tax incentives to buyers of hybrid cars in to a move aimed at trim back the average prices of these vehicles and thus encouraging more people to purchase them. dwindle down petroleum deposits in a major concern to the world.It is widely hold that only a total of one trillion barrels of redeemable crude oil reserves is available for exploration worldwide with only two percent (2%) of this value in the United States of America. Most of th ese oil deposits are found in the eastern hemisphere that is made up of countries that are well known for political instability. It is therefore very impertinent for countries that fall in the Western hemisphere and more so, the United States to accommodate the mass production and commercial use of hybrid vehicles.This will not only cushion them from ever fluctuating oil prices but will also prevent the imminent collapse of most sectors of the economies of these countries. Conclusion From the foregoing, it is ostensible that the world stands to gain immensely from the introduction into the world of transportation hybrid cars. It is true that the cost of producing a hybrid car is not one that sends one smiling all the way to the bank. In fact it is prohibitively high and the faint hearted who will not pay attention to the long term benefits of this hybrid car model will not dare.But the benefits or gains both in terms of saving a major planet in peril and a global economy in a sha mbles are so enticing and crucial that it is actually the way to go. The environmental problems that come as a result of oil physical exertion in transport and other areas of life will be dealt with once and for all. For instance, the release of dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere that is responsible for global warming and numerous respiratory problems as well as problems in farming thorough such phenomena as acid rain will be solved.The economic woes that emanate from over dependence on oil will also be contained. The availing of financial resources to rascal nations such as Iran that fund terrorist groups, the shaking of the global economy due to shifts in oil prices as well as the escalation of conflicts in most third world countries in the east and Africa as a result of scrambling over oil resources will be eliminated.ReferencesAnderson C. D & Anderson J (2004) Electric and Hybrid Cars A History. ISBN-10 0786418729, ISBN -13 978-07864 18725, McFarland & Company. pp 6-10 Boschert, S. , (2006) Plug-Ins The cars that will recharge America.pp 2-7 ISBN-10 0865715718, ISBN-13 978-0865715714, New Society Publishers. Gore, A. (2006) An awkward Truth. Retrieved on 24th March 2009 from http//www. climatecrisis. net/aboutthefilm/. Para 1-3. Paterson, B. N. , (2007). Economic benefits of hybrid cars. Retrieved on 23rd March 2009 from http//www. helium. com/items/1026111-economic-benefits-of-hybrid-cars, para 3-5. Westbrook M. H, (2001) The Electric Car culture and Future of Battery, Hybrid and Fuel-Cell Cars. ISBN-10 0852960131, ISBN-13 978-0852960134. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. pp 56-61.